Complicated monkeypox virus disease in newborns : a case report from Brazzaville University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Monkeypox virus disease is a serious contagious infection that occurs in an endemic-epidemic pattern, particularly in tropical regions with low socioeconomic and health conditions. It is described in infants, older children, adolescents, and adults, with a guarded prognosis. The aim of this study was to report a complicated form of monkeypox virus disease observed in a newborn.

Observation:  This was a 23-day-old female newborn admitted for a rash and fever. The patient history revealed recent exposure to a group setting. Physical examination revealed generalized papulovesicular skin lesions affecting the skin and mucous membranes, as well as signs of infection. Laboratory tests showed lymphocytosis, neutropenia, and severe anemia. PCR testing of swabs taken from the skin and mucous membrane lesions detected Monkeypox virus DNA. Treatment with empirical antibiotics and management of the anemia resulted in a favorable outcome, marked by the resolution of the skin lesions and fever, and the absence of visceral complications.

Conclusion:   Severe forms of monkeypox virus disease are observed in newborns and can be life-threatening. It presents a significant challenge in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for vulnerable individuals.